Concord and Conflict
The United States and Russia, 1867-1914
Norman E. Saul
672 pages, 63 illustrations, 4 maps, 6 x 9
Cloth ISBN 978-0-7006-0754-9, $55.00
In 1867 Mark Twain cruised into
the Black Sea on the first American tourist ship to visit in
Russia. Just a few years later Russian Grand Duke Alexis in turn
was hunting buffalo and drinking champagne on the Nebraska prairie.
Both were taking advantage of a growing, if precarious, alliance
between two of the worlds most influential nations.
In fact, as Norman Saul reveals, between 1867--the year of
the Alaskan purchase--and the beginning of World War I, Russian
and American dignitaries, diplomats, businessmen, writers, tourists,
and entertainers crossed between the two countries in far greater
numbers than was previously known.
Following the widely praised Distant Friends, volume
one of Saul's trilogy on Russian American relations, Concord
and Conflict provides the first comprehensive investigation
of this highly transformational and fateful era in Russian-American
relations. Excavating previously unmined Russian and American
archives, he explores the flow and fluctuation of economic, diplomatic,
social, and cultural affairs; personal and professional conflicts
and scandals; and the evolution of each nation's perception of
the other.
At first concentrating on their similarities following the
American Civil War, Saul contends, the Russian and American people
established a tradition of friendship in the absence of major
controversy. In many ways, they felt bound by a sense of common
destiny, corresponding periods of reform and progress, and a
mutual hostility toward the "older" European powers.
Throughout Russia, American trademarks became familiar as
U.S. companies such as Singer, New York Life, Westinghouse, and
International Harvester took root. Hard winter wheat--today a
vital American crop--was introduced by Russian immigrants. The
Smithsonian established an information exchange with the Russian
government. War and Peace was translated into English
and widely distributed in the United States. And the first YMCA
was established in Russia.
As progressive reform waned in 1880s Russia, however, Americans
became increasingly leery of Russia's repressive internal tactics,
hostility toward Jews, open-door policy toward China, and expansion
in the Far East while Russians found America's actions and attitudes
hypocritical and equally confusing. Yet despite deterioration
of diplomatic ties, Saul shows, a semblance of kinship endured
into the twentieth century as cultural exchanges and business
opportunities continued to escalated.
Illuminating fifty of the most significant--and surprisingly
open--years of this frequently tumultuous and contradictory association,
Concord and Conflict reaffirms Saul's status as "the
leading American authority on Russian-American relations before
1917" (Journal of American History).
"The historic turn from friendship to hostility in American-Russian
relations began not in 1917 with Lenin, but a quarter-century
earlier with the Tsar. In what is becoming one of our most important
historical projects, Norman Saul's new volume tells us about
this historic turn with extraordinary, fresh research and with
attention to subjects ranging from the Mennonites and McCormick
Harvester to the crucial "Jewish question" and the
pivotal roles of such leaders as Theodore Roosevelt. This work
will be a standard reference for understanding AmericanRussian
relations of the present as well as of the past."--Walter
LaFeber, author of America, Russia, and the Cold War,
19451984
"This volume is unmatched in its marshaling of sources
on Russian-American relations during the period described."--Allison
Blakely, author of Russia and the Negro: Blacks in Russian
History and Thought
"A first-rate work. . . . Original, refreshing, and pioneering.
For serious students of U.S.-Russian relations, it offers hundreds
of potential topics for further scholarly investigation."--Basil
Dmytryshyn, author of A History of Russia
NORMAN SAUL is professor of history and Russian and
East European Studies at the University of Kansas and author
of War and Revolution: The United States
and Russia, 1914-1921; Distant
Friends: The Evolution of United StatesRussian Relations,
17631867; Russia and The Mediterranean, 1797-1807;
and Sailors in Revolt: The Russian Baltic Fleet in 1917.
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