Dust Bowl Migrants in the American Imagination
Charles J. Shindo
224 pages, 35 photographs, 6-1/8 x 9-1/4
Cloth ISBN 978-0-7006-0810-2, $29.95
More than any other event of the
1930s, the migration of thousands of jobless and dispossessed
Americans from the Dust Bowl states to the "promised land"
of California evokes the hardships and despair of the Great Depression.
In this innovative new study, Charles Shindo shows how the public
memory of that migration has been dominated not by academic historians
but by a handful of artists and would-be reformers.
Shindo examines the images of Dust Bowl migrants in photography,
fiction, film, and song and marks off the various distances between
these representations and the realities of migrant lives. He
shows how photographer Dorothea Lange, novelist John Steinbeck,
Hollywood filmmaker John Ford, and folksinger Woody Guthrie,
as well as folklorists and government reformers, sympathized
with the migrants' plight but also appropriated that experience
to further their own aesthetic and ideological agendas.
The haunted look of Lange's "Migrant Mother" and
other photos, the powerful story of the Joad family in Steinbeck's
The Grapes of Wrath, Ford's poetic cinematic adaptation
of that novel, and the gritty plainfolk lyrics of Guthrie's Dust
Bowl Ballads have all combined to portray the migrants as
the quintessential victims of the Great Depression. Shindo, however,
contends that these artists failed to fully grasp the realities
of "Okie" culture and seemed far more concerned with
promoting views and agendas that the migrants themselves might
have found inaccurate or unappealing.
Shindo's study shows us how art can dominate history in the
popular mind and illuminates the ways in which artists blend
aesthetics and politics to make a personal statement about the
human condition. His book not only increases our understanding
of a tragic era in American history but also expands the scope
of current histories of the American West to include cultural
representations and their importance.
"Others have touched upon this vital and engaging topic.
Now, thanks to this fine study, the full story of the dialogue
between the American people and the most conspicuous victims
of the Great Depression stands revealed in all its power and
importance."--Kevin Starr, author of Endangered
Dreams: The Great Depression in California
"No other single work provides such deft analysis of
and fresh insight into the works of Lange, Steinbeck, Ford, and
Guthrie in relation to the Dust Bowl migration. It is a significant
contribution to our understanding of the migrant experience."--R.
Douglas Hurt, author of The Dust Bowl: An Agricultural
and Social History
"This is exciting work and a pleasure to read. This business
of appropriation and victimization may raise some hackles, but
it's right on the money."--Thomas Isern, author of
Bull Threshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing
on the North American Plains
CHARLES J. SHINDO, assistant professor of history at
Louisiana State University, is the winner of the 1992 W. Turrentine
Jackson Award of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical
Association.
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